So you think you have mastered immunity? Cautionary tales from the immunology revolution

We are in an unprecedented time in our ability to manipulate the immune system for the antithetical outcomes of immune activation to treat cancer and immune tolerance to treat autoimmune disease and allergy. Thus, we have witnessed unprecedented responses to late stage and widely metastatic cancer via immunotherapeutic approaches and are increasingly exploring novel and highly targeted approaches to autoimmune and allergic diseases. Important cautionary tales pertaining to unexpected adverse effects arising from these clinical studies, and caveats for future studies will be discussed.